Installed gvim to verify, and that has no menus AND shows no text.
It looks like both of us have the same issue, but i have an additonal one: no
text at all in affected programs.

I'm running archlinux x86_64 with xf86-video-ati on an AMD HD 4870.
xorg 1.19.6, kernel 4.15.5

programs without text in menus on my system : 
openbox, lxde, gvim, libreoffice, firefox gtk-filechooser, thunderbird
gtk-filechooser

No issues at all in qt programs like lxqt, kwin, gwenview , okular, calligra .

Could you verify whether qt programs have issues ?