DCE 3.1 and 3.2 should be programmed in a different way than DCE 2 and DCE 3. The order of setting registers and sets of registers are different. It's still unsure how we will handle DCE 3.1 vs. DCE 3.2, since they have few differences as well. For now separate DCE 2 and DCE 3 path, so we can work on it without a risk of breaking DCE 3.1+.
This has been tested for possible regressions on DCE32 HD4550 (RV710).
Signed-off-by: Rafał Miłecki zajec5@gmail.com --- drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/Makefile | 2 +- drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/dce3_1_afmt.c | 222 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/r600_hdmi.c | 149 ++--------------------- drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_asic.c | 2 +- drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_asic.h | 7 ++ 5 files changed, 241 insertions(+), 141 deletions(-) create mode 100644 drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/dce3_1_afmt.c
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/Makefile b/drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/Makefile index 0943353..dbcbfe8 100644 --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/Makefile +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/Makefile @@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ radeon-y += radeon_device.o radeon_asic.o radeon_kms.o \ radeon_cs.o radeon_bios.o radeon_benchmark.o r100.o r300.o r420.o \ rs400.o rs600.o rs690.o rv515.o r520.o r600.o rv770.o radeon_test.o \ r200.o radeon_legacy_tv.o r600_cs.o r600_blit_shaders.o \ - radeon_pm.o atombios_dp.o r600_audio.o r600_hdmi.o \ + radeon_pm.o atombios_dp.o r600_audio.o r600_hdmi.o dce3_1_afmt.o \ evergreen.o evergreen_cs.o evergreen_blit_shaders.o \ evergreen_hdmi.o radeon_trace_points.o ni.o cayman_blit_shaders.o \ atombios_encoders.o radeon_semaphore.o radeon_sa.o atombios_i2c.o si.o \ diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/dce3_1_afmt.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/dce3_1_afmt.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..39cb922 --- /dev/null +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/dce3_1_afmt.c @@ -0,0 +1,222 @@ +#include <linux/hdmi.h> +#include <drm/drmP.h> +#include "radeon.h" +#include "radeon_asic.h" +#include "r600d.h" + +static void dce3_2_afmt_write_speaker_allocation(struct drm_encoder *encoder) +{ + struct radeon_device *rdev = encoder->dev->dev_private; + struct drm_connector *connector; + struct radeon_connector *radeon_connector = NULL; + u32 tmp; + u8 *sadb; + int sad_count; + + list_for_each_entry(connector, &encoder->dev->mode_config.connector_list, head) { + if (connector->encoder == encoder) { + radeon_connector = to_radeon_connector(connector); + break; + } + } + + if (!radeon_connector) { + DRM_ERROR("Couldn't find encoder's connector\n"); + return; + } + + sad_count = drm_edid_to_speaker_allocation(radeon_connector->edid, &sadb); + if (sad_count < 0) { + DRM_ERROR("Couldn't read Speaker Allocation Data Block: %d\n", sad_count); + return; + } + + /* program the speaker allocation */ + tmp = RREG32(AZ_F0_CODEC_PIN0_CONTROL_CHANNEL_SPEAKER); + tmp &= ~(DP_CONNECTION | SPEAKER_ALLOCATION_MASK); + /* set HDMI mode */ + tmp |= HDMI_CONNECTION; + if (sad_count) + tmp |= SPEAKER_ALLOCATION(sadb[0]); + else + tmp |= SPEAKER_ALLOCATION(5); /* stereo */ + WREG32(AZ_F0_CODEC_PIN0_CONTROL_CHANNEL_SPEAKER, tmp); + + kfree(sadb); +} + +static void dce3_2_afmt_write_sad_regs(struct drm_encoder *encoder) +{ + struct radeon_device *rdev = encoder->dev->dev_private; + struct drm_connector *connector; + struct radeon_connector *radeon_connector = NULL; + struct cea_sad *sads; + int i, sad_count; + + static const u16 eld_reg_to_type[][2] = { + { AZ_F0_CODEC_PIN0_CONTROL_AUDIO_DESCRIPTOR0, HDMI_AUDIO_CODING_TYPE_PCM }, + { AZ_F0_CODEC_PIN0_CONTROL_AUDIO_DESCRIPTOR1, HDMI_AUDIO_CODING_TYPE_AC3 }, + { AZ_F0_CODEC_PIN0_CONTROL_AUDIO_DESCRIPTOR2, HDMI_AUDIO_CODING_TYPE_MPEG1 }, + { AZ_F0_CODEC_PIN0_CONTROL_AUDIO_DESCRIPTOR3, HDMI_AUDIO_CODING_TYPE_MP3 }, + { AZ_F0_CODEC_PIN0_CONTROL_AUDIO_DESCRIPTOR4, HDMI_AUDIO_CODING_TYPE_MPEG2 }, + { AZ_F0_CODEC_PIN0_CONTROL_AUDIO_DESCRIPTOR5, HDMI_AUDIO_CODING_TYPE_AAC_LC }, + { AZ_F0_CODEC_PIN0_CONTROL_AUDIO_DESCRIPTOR6, HDMI_AUDIO_CODING_TYPE_DTS }, + { AZ_F0_CODEC_PIN0_CONTROL_AUDIO_DESCRIPTOR7, HDMI_AUDIO_CODING_TYPE_ATRAC }, + { AZ_F0_CODEC_PIN0_CONTROL_AUDIO_DESCRIPTOR9, HDMI_AUDIO_CODING_TYPE_EAC3 }, + { AZ_F0_CODEC_PIN0_CONTROL_AUDIO_DESCRIPTOR10, HDMI_AUDIO_CODING_TYPE_DTS_HD }, + { AZ_F0_CODEC_PIN0_CONTROL_AUDIO_DESCRIPTOR11, HDMI_AUDIO_CODING_TYPE_MLP }, + { AZ_F0_CODEC_PIN0_CONTROL_AUDIO_DESCRIPTOR13, HDMI_AUDIO_CODING_TYPE_WMA_PRO }, + }; + + list_for_each_entry(connector, &encoder->dev->mode_config.connector_list, head) { + if (connector->encoder == encoder) { + radeon_connector = to_radeon_connector(connector); + break; + } + } + + if (!radeon_connector) { + DRM_ERROR("Couldn't find encoder's connector\n"); + return; + } + + sad_count = drm_edid_to_sad(radeon_connector->edid, &sads); + if (sad_count < 0) { + DRM_ERROR("Couldn't read SADs: %d\n", sad_count); + return; + } + BUG_ON(!sads); + + for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(eld_reg_to_type); i++) { + u32 value = 0; + u8 stereo_freqs = 0; + int max_channels = -1; + int j; + + for (j = 0; j < sad_count; j++) { + struct cea_sad *sad = &sads[j]; + + if (sad->format == eld_reg_to_type[i][1]) { + if (sad->channels > max_channels) { + value = MAX_CHANNELS(sad->channels) | + DESCRIPTOR_BYTE_2(sad->byte2) | + SUPPORTED_FREQUENCIES(sad->freq); + max_channels = sad->channels; + } + + if (sad->format == HDMI_AUDIO_CODING_TYPE_PCM) + stereo_freqs |= sad->freq; + else + break; + } + } + + value |= SUPPORTED_FREQUENCIES_STEREO(stereo_freqs); + + WREG32(eld_reg_to_type[i][0], value); + } + + kfree(sads); +} + +/* + * update the info frames with the data from the current display mode + */ +void dce3_1_hdmi_setmode(struct drm_encoder *encoder, struct drm_display_mode *mode) +{ + struct drm_device *dev = encoder->dev; + struct radeon_device *rdev = dev->dev_private; + struct radeon_encoder *radeon_encoder = to_radeon_encoder(encoder); + struct radeon_encoder_atom_dig *dig = radeon_encoder->enc_priv; + u8 buffer[HDMI_INFOFRAME_HEADER_SIZE + HDMI_AVI_INFOFRAME_SIZE]; + struct hdmi_avi_infoframe frame; + uint32_t offset; + ssize_t err; + + if (!dig || !dig->afmt) + return; + + /* Silent, r600_hdmi_enable will raise WARN for us */ + if (!dig->afmt->enabled) + return; + offset = dig->afmt->offset; + + /* disable audio prior to setting up hw */ + dig->afmt->pin = r600_audio_get_pin(rdev); + r600_audio_enable(rdev, dig->afmt->pin, false); + + r600_audio_set_dto(encoder, mode->clock); + + WREG32(HDMI0_VBI_PACKET_CONTROL + offset, + HDMI0_NULL_SEND); /* send null packets when required */ + + WREG32(HDMI0_AUDIO_CRC_CONTROL + offset, 0x1000); + + if (ASIC_IS_DCE32(rdev)) { + WREG32(HDMI0_AUDIO_PACKET_CONTROL + offset, + HDMI0_AUDIO_DELAY_EN(1) | /* default audio delay */ + HDMI0_AUDIO_PACKETS_PER_LINE(3)); /* should be suffient for all audio modes and small enough for all hblanks */ + WREG32(AFMT_AUDIO_PACKET_CONTROL + offset, + AFMT_AUDIO_SAMPLE_SEND | /* send audio packets */ + AFMT_60958_CS_UPDATE); /* allow 60958 channel status fields to be updated */ + } else { + WREG32(HDMI0_AUDIO_PACKET_CONTROL + offset, + HDMI0_AUDIO_SAMPLE_SEND | /* send audio packets */ + HDMI0_AUDIO_DELAY_EN(1) | /* default audio delay */ + HDMI0_AUDIO_PACKETS_PER_LINE(3) | /* should be suffient for all audio modes and small enough for all hblanks */ + HDMI0_60958_CS_UPDATE); /* allow 60958 channel status fields to be updated */ + } + + if (ASIC_IS_DCE32(rdev)) { + dce3_2_afmt_write_speaker_allocation(encoder); + dce3_2_afmt_write_sad_regs(encoder); + } + + WREG32(HDMI0_ACR_PACKET_CONTROL + offset, + HDMI0_ACR_SOURCE | /* select SW CTS value - XXX verify that hw CTS works on all families */ + HDMI0_ACR_AUTO_SEND); /* allow hw to sent ACR packets when required */ + + WREG32(HDMI0_VBI_PACKET_CONTROL + offset, + HDMI0_NULL_SEND | /* send null packets when required */ + HDMI0_GC_SEND | /* send general control packets */ + HDMI0_GC_CONT); /* send general control packets every frame */ + + /* TODO: HDMI0_AUDIO_INFO_UPDATE */ + WREG32(HDMI0_INFOFRAME_CONTROL0 + offset, + HDMI0_AVI_INFO_SEND | /* enable AVI info frames */ + HDMI0_AVI_INFO_CONT | /* send AVI info frames every frame/field */ + HDMI0_AUDIO_INFO_SEND | /* enable audio info frames (frames won't be set until audio is enabled) */ + HDMI0_AUDIO_INFO_CONT); /* send audio info frames every frame/field */ + + WREG32(HDMI0_INFOFRAME_CONTROL1 + offset, + HDMI0_AVI_INFO_LINE(2) | /* anything other than 0 */ + HDMI0_AUDIO_INFO_LINE(2)); /* anything other than 0 */ + + WREG32(HDMI0_GC + offset, 0); /* unset HDMI0_GC_AVMUTE */ + + err = drm_hdmi_avi_infoframe_from_display_mode(&frame, mode); + if (err < 0) { + DRM_ERROR("failed to setup AVI infoframe: %zd\n", err); + return; + } + + err = hdmi_avi_infoframe_pack(&frame, buffer, sizeof(buffer)); + if (err < 0) { + DRM_ERROR("failed to pack AVI infoframe: %zd\n", err); + return; + } + + r600_hdmi_update_avi_infoframe(encoder, buffer, sizeof(buffer)); + r600_hdmi_update_ACR(encoder, mode->clock); + + /* it's unknown what these bits do excatly, but it's indeed quite useful for debugging */ + WREG32(HDMI0_RAMP_CONTROL0 + offset, 0x00FFFFFF); + WREG32(HDMI0_RAMP_CONTROL1 + offset, 0x007FFFFF); + WREG32(HDMI0_RAMP_CONTROL2 + offset, 0x00000001); + WREG32(HDMI0_RAMP_CONTROL3 + offset, 0x00000001); + + r600_hdmi_audio_workaround(encoder); + + /* enable audio after to setting up hw */ + r600_audio_enable(rdev, dig->afmt->pin, true); +} diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/r600_hdmi.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/r600_hdmi.c index 85a2bb2..b8b2efa 100644 --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/r600_hdmi.c +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/r600_hdmi.c @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ struct radeon_hdmi_acr r600_hdmi_acr(uint32_t clock) /* * update the N and CTS parameters for a given pixel clock rate */ -static void r600_hdmi_update_ACR(struct drm_encoder *encoder, uint32_t clock) +void r600_hdmi_update_ACR(struct drm_encoder *encoder, uint32_t clock) { struct drm_device *dev = encoder->dev; struct radeon_device *rdev = dev->dev_private; @@ -155,8 +155,8 @@ static void r600_hdmi_update_ACR(struct drm_encoder *encoder, uint32_t clock) /* * build a HDMI Video Info Frame */ -static void r600_hdmi_update_avi_infoframe(struct drm_encoder *encoder, - void *buffer, size_t size) +void r600_hdmi_update_avi_infoframe(struct drm_encoder *encoder, void *buffer, + size_t size) { struct drm_device *dev = encoder->dev; struct radeon_device *rdev = dev->dev_private; @@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ int r600_hdmi_buffer_status_changed(struct drm_encoder *encoder) /* * write the audio workaround status to the hardware */ -static void r600_hdmi_audio_workaround(struct drm_encoder *encoder) +void r600_hdmi_audio_workaround(struct drm_encoder *encoder) { struct drm_device *dev = encoder->dev; struct radeon_device *rdev = dev->dev_private; @@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ static void r600_hdmi_audio_workaround(struct drm_encoder *encoder) value, ~HDMI0_AUDIO_TEST_EN); }
-static void r600_audio_set_dto(struct drm_encoder *encoder, u32 clock) +void r600_audio_set_dto(struct drm_encoder *encoder, u32 clock) { struct drm_device *dev = encoder->dev; struct radeon_device *rdev = dev->dev_private; @@ -320,121 +320,6 @@ static void r600_audio_set_dto(struct drm_encoder *encoder, u32 clock) } }
-static void dce3_2_afmt_write_speaker_allocation(struct drm_encoder *encoder) -{ - struct radeon_device *rdev = encoder->dev->dev_private; - struct drm_connector *connector; - struct radeon_connector *radeon_connector = NULL; - u32 tmp; - u8 *sadb; - int sad_count; - - list_for_each_entry(connector, &encoder->dev->mode_config.connector_list, head) { - if (connector->encoder == encoder) { - radeon_connector = to_radeon_connector(connector); - break; - } - } - - if (!radeon_connector) { - DRM_ERROR("Couldn't find encoder's connector\n"); - return; - } - - sad_count = drm_edid_to_speaker_allocation(radeon_connector->edid, &sadb); - if (sad_count < 0) { - DRM_ERROR("Couldn't read Speaker Allocation Data Block: %d\n", sad_count); - return; - } - - /* program the speaker allocation */ - tmp = RREG32(AZ_F0_CODEC_PIN0_CONTROL_CHANNEL_SPEAKER); - tmp &= ~(DP_CONNECTION | SPEAKER_ALLOCATION_MASK); - /* set HDMI mode */ - tmp |= HDMI_CONNECTION; - if (sad_count) - tmp |= SPEAKER_ALLOCATION(sadb[0]); - else - tmp |= SPEAKER_ALLOCATION(5); /* stereo */ - WREG32(AZ_F0_CODEC_PIN0_CONTROL_CHANNEL_SPEAKER, tmp); - - kfree(sadb); -} - -static void dce3_2_afmt_write_sad_regs(struct drm_encoder *encoder) -{ - struct radeon_device *rdev = encoder->dev->dev_private; - struct drm_connector *connector; - struct radeon_connector *radeon_connector = NULL; - struct cea_sad *sads; - int i, sad_count; - - static const u16 eld_reg_to_type[][2] = { - { AZ_F0_CODEC_PIN0_CONTROL_AUDIO_DESCRIPTOR0, HDMI_AUDIO_CODING_TYPE_PCM }, - { AZ_F0_CODEC_PIN0_CONTROL_AUDIO_DESCRIPTOR1, HDMI_AUDIO_CODING_TYPE_AC3 }, - { AZ_F0_CODEC_PIN0_CONTROL_AUDIO_DESCRIPTOR2, HDMI_AUDIO_CODING_TYPE_MPEG1 }, - { AZ_F0_CODEC_PIN0_CONTROL_AUDIO_DESCRIPTOR3, HDMI_AUDIO_CODING_TYPE_MP3 }, - { AZ_F0_CODEC_PIN0_CONTROL_AUDIO_DESCRIPTOR4, HDMI_AUDIO_CODING_TYPE_MPEG2 }, - { AZ_F0_CODEC_PIN0_CONTROL_AUDIO_DESCRIPTOR5, HDMI_AUDIO_CODING_TYPE_AAC_LC }, - { AZ_F0_CODEC_PIN0_CONTROL_AUDIO_DESCRIPTOR6, HDMI_AUDIO_CODING_TYPE_DTS }, - { AZ_F0_CODEC_PIN0_CONTROL_AUDIO_DESCRIPTOR7, HDMI_AUDIO_CODING_TYPE_ATRAC }, - { AZ_F0_CODEC_PIN0_CONTROL_AUDIO_DESCRIPTOR9, HDMI_AUDIO_CODING_TYPE_EAC3 }, - { AZ_F0_CODEC_PIN0_CONTROL_AUDIO_DESCRIPTOR10, HDMI_AUDIO_CODING_TYPE_DTS_HD }, - { AZ_F0_CODEC_PIN0_CONTROL_AUDIO_DESCRIPTOR11, HDMI_AUDIO_CODING_TYPE_MLP }, - { AZ_F0_CODEC_PIN0_CONTROL_AUDIO_DESCRIPTOR13, HDMI_AUDIO_CODING_TYPE_WMA_PRO }, - }; - - list_for_each_entry(connector, &encoder->dev->mode_config.connector_list, head) { - if (connector->encoder == encoder) { - radeon_connector = to_radeon_connector(connector); - break; - } - } - - if (!radeon_connector) { - DRM_ERROR("Couldn't find encoder's connector\n"); - return; - } - - sad_count = drm_edid_to_sad(radeon_connector->edid, &sads); - if (sad_count < 0) { - DRM_ERROR("Couldn't read SADs: %d\n", sad_count); - return; - } - BUG_ON(!sads); - - for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(eld_reg_to_type); i++) { - u32 value = 0; - u8 stereo_freqs = 0; - int max_channels = -1; - int j; - - for (j = 0; j < sad_count; j++) { - struct cea_sad *sad = &sads[j]; - - if (sad->format == eld_reg_to_type[i][1]) { - if (sad->channels > max_channels) { - value = MAX_CHANNELS(sad->channels) | - DESCRIPTOR_BYTE_2(sad->byte2) | - SUPPORTED_FREQUENCIES(sad->freq); - max_channels = sad->channels; - } - - if (sad->format == HDMI_AUDIO_CODING_TYPE_PCM) - stereo_freqs |= sad->freq; - else - break; - } - } - - value |= SUPPORTED_FREQUENCIES_STEREO(stereo_freqs); - - WREG32(eld_reg_to_type[i][0], value); - } - - kfree(sads); -} - /* * update the info frames with the data from the current display mode */ @@ -468,25 +353,11 @@ void r600_hdmi_setmode(struct drm_encoder *encoder, struct drm_display_mode *mod
WREG32(HDMI0_AUDIO_CRC_CONTROL + offset, 0x1000);
- if (ASIC_IS_DCE32(rdev)) { - WREG32(HDMI0_AUDIO_PACKET_CONTROL + offset, - HDMI0_AUDIO_DELAY_EN(1) | /* default audio delay */ - HDMI0_AUDIO_PACKETS_PER_LINE(3)); /* should be suffient for all audio modes and small enough for all hblanks */ - WREG32(AFMT_AUDIO_PACKET_CONTROL + offset, - AFMT_AUDIO_SAMPLE_SEND | /* send audio packets */ - AFMT_60958_CS_UPDATE); /* allow 60958 channel status fields to be updated */ - } else { - WREG32(HDMI0_AUDIO_PACKET_CONTROL + offset, - HDMI0_AUDIO_SAMPLE_SEND | /* send audio packets */ - HDMI0_AUDIO_DELAY_EN(1) | /* default audio delay */ - HDMI0_AUDIO_PACKETS_PER_LINE(3) | /* should be suffient for all audio modes and small enough for all hblanks */ - HDMI0_60958_CS_UPDATE); /* allow 60958 channel status fields to be updated */ - } - - if (ASIC_IS_DCE32(rdev)) { - dce3_2_afmt_write_speaker_allocation(encoder); - dce3_2_afmt_write_sad_regs(encoder); - } + WREG32(HDMI0_AUDIO_PACKET_CONTROL + offset, + HDMI0_AUDIO_SAMPLE_SEND | /* send audio packets */ + HDMI0_AUDIO_DELAY_EN(1) | /* default audio delay */ + HDMI0_AUDIO_PACKETS_PER_LINE(3) | /* should be suffient for all audio modes and small enough for all hblanks */ + HDMI0_60958_CS_UPDATE); /* allow 60958 channel status fields to be updated */
WREG32(HDMI0_ACR_PACKET_CONTROL + offset, HDMI0_ACR_SOURCE | /* select SW CTS value - XXX verify that hw CTS works on all families */ diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_asic.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_asic.c index 59d56dc..7bc3605 100644 --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_asic.c +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_asic.c @@ -1214,7 +1214,7 @@ static struct radeon_asic rv770_asic = { .set_backlight_level = &atombios_set_backlight_level, .get_backlight_level = &atombios_get_backlight_level, .hdmi_enable = &r600_hdmi_enable, - .hdmi_setmode = &r600_hdmi_setmode, + .hdmi_setmode = &dce3_1_hdmi_setmode, }, .copy = { .blit = &r600_copy_cpdma, diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_asic.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_asic.h index 5646f9d..deb8496 100644 --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_asic.h +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_asic.h @@ -391,6 +391,11 @@ void r600_rlc_stop(struct radeon_device *rdev); int r600_audio_init(struct radeon_device *rdev); struct r600_audio_pin r600_audio_status(struct radeon_device *rdev); void r600_audio_fini(struct radeon_device *rdev); +void r600_audio_set_dto(struct drm_encoder *encoder, u32 clock); +void r600_hdmi_update_avi_infoframe(struct drm_encoder *encoder, void *buffer, + size_t size); +void r600_hdmi_update_ACR(struct drm_encoder *encoder, uint32_t clock); +void r600_hdmi_audio_workaround(struct drm_encoder *encoder); int r600_hdmi_buffer_status_changed(struct drm_encoder *encoder); void r600_hdmi_update_audio_settings(struct drm_encoder *encoder); void r600_hdmi_enable(struct drm_encoder *encoder, bool enable); @@ -463,6 +468,8 @@ int rv770_copy_dma(struct radeon_device *rdev, u32 rv770_get_xclk(struct radeon_device *rdev); int rv770_set_uvd_clocks(struct radeon_device *rdev, u32 vclk, u32 dclk); int rv770_get_temp(struct radeon_device *rdev); +/* hdmi */ +void dce3_1_hdmi_setmode(struct drm_encoder *encoder, struct drm_display_mode *mode); /* rv7xx pm */ int rv770_dpm_init(struct radeon_device *rdev); int rv770_dpm_enable(struct radeon_device *rdev);