https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=215652
--- Comment #7 from Erhard F. (erhard_f@mailbox.org) --- (In reply to Alex Deucher from comment #6)
You need to make sure the firmware is in your initrd. When the kernel loads, it loads from the initrd. There is no filesystem mounted yet when the radeon driver is loaded so the firmwares need to be in the initrd.
As I said I am not using an initrd and this config worked on <5.17-rc. So something must have changed that I now get "modprobe: ERROR: could not insert 'radeon': Unknown symbol in module, or unknown parameter (see dmesg)". I'll try a bisect and see if I can dig out more.