We have allowed migration for only LRU pages until now and it was enough to make high-order pages. But recently, embedded system(e.g., webOS, android) uses lots of non-movable pages(e.g., zram, GPU memory) so we have seen several reports about troubles of small high-order allocation. For fixing the problem, there were several efforts (e,g,. enhance compaction algorithm, SLUB fallback to 0-order page, reserved memory, vmalloc and so on) but if there are lots of non-movable pages in system, their solutions are void in the long run.

So, this patch is to support facility to change non-movable pages with movable. For the feature, this patch introduces functions related to migration to address_space_operations as well as some page flags.

Basically, this patch supports two page-flags and two functions related to page migration. The flag and page->mapping stability are protected by PG_lock.

PG_movable PG_isolated

bool (*isolate_page) (struct page *, isolate_mode_t); void (*putback_page) (struct page *);

Duty of subsystem want to make their pages as migratable are as follows:

1. It should register address_space to page->mapping then mark the page as PG_movable via __SetPageMovable.

2. It should mark the page as PG_isolated via SetPageIsolated if isolation is sucessful and return true.

3. If migration is successful, it should clear PG_isolated and PG_movable of the page for free preparation then release the reference of the page to free.

4. If migration fails, putback function of subsystem should clear PG_isolated via ClearPageIsolated.

Cc: Vlastimil Babka vbabka@suse.cz Cc: Mel Gorman mgorman@suse.de Cc: Hugh Dickins hughd@google.com Cc: dri-devel@lists.freedesktop.org Cc: virtualization@lists.linux-foundation.org Signed-off-by: Gioh Kim gurugio@hanmail.net Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim minchan@kernel.org --- Documentation/filesystems/Locking | 4 + Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt | 5 ++ fs/proc/page.c | 3 + include/linux/compaction.h | 8 ++ include/linux/fs.h | 2 + include/linux/migrate.h | 2 + include/linux/page-flags.h | 29 ++++++++ include/uapi/linux/kernel-page-flags.h | 1 + mm/compaction.c | 14 +++- mm/migrate.c | 132 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---- 10 files changed, 185 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/Locking b/Documentation/filesystems/Locking index 619af9bfdcb3..0bb79560abb3 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/Locking +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/Locking @@ -195,7 +195,9 @@ unlocks and drops the reference. int (*releasepage) (struct page *, int); void (*freepage)(struct page *); int (*direct_IO)(struct kiocb *, struct iov_iter *iter, loff_t offset); + bool (*isolate_page) (struct page *, isolate_mode_t); int (*migratepage)(struct address_space *, struct page *, struct page *); + void (*putback_page) (struct page *); int (*launder_page)(struct page *); int (*is_partially_uptodate)(struct page *, unsigned long, unsigned long); int (*error_remove_page)(struct address_space *, struct page *); @@ -219,7 +221,9 @@ invalidatepage: yes releasepage: yes freepage: yes direct_IO: +isolate_page: yes migratepage: yes (both) +putback_page: yes launder_page: yes is_partially_uptodate: yes error_remove_page: yes diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt index b02a7d598258..4c1b6c3b4bc8 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt @@ -592,9 +592,14 @@ struct address_space_operations { int (*releasepage) (struct page *, int); void (*freepage)(struct page *); ssize_t (*direct_IO)(struct kiocb *, struct iov_iter *iter, loff_t offset); + /* isolate a page for migration */ + bool (*isolate_page) (struct page *, isolate_mode_t); /* migrate the contents of a page to the specified target */ int (*migratepage) (struct page *, struct page *); + /* put the page back to right list */ + void (*putback_page) (struct page *); int (*launder_page) (struct page *); + int (*is_partially_uptodate) (struct page *, unsigned long, unsigned long); void (*is_dirty_writeback) (struct page *, bool *, bool *); diff --git a/fs/proc/page.c b/fs/proc/page.c index b2855eea5405..b2bab774adea 100644 --- a/fs/proc/page.c +++ b/fs/proc/page.c @@ -155,6 +155,9 @@ u64 stable_page_flags(struct page *page) if (page_is_idle(page)) u |= 1 << KPF_IDLE;

+ if (PageMovable(page)) + u |= 1 << KPF_MOVABLE; + u |= kpf_copy_bit(k, KPF_LOCKED, PG_locked);

u |= kpf_copy_bit(k, KPF_SLAB, PG_slab); diff --git a/include/linux/compaction.h b/include/linux/compaction.h index 4cd4ddf64cc7..6f040ad379ce 100644 --- a/include/linux/compaction.h +++ b/include/linux/compaction.h @@ -84,6 +84,14 @@ static inline bool compaction_deferred(struct zone *zone, int order) return true; }

+static inline bool isolate_movable_page(struct page *page, isolate_mode_t mode) +{ + return false; +} + +static inline void putback_movable_page(struct page *page) +{ +} #endif /* CONFIG_COMPACTION */

#if defined(CONFIG_COMPACTION) && defined(CONFIG_SYSFS) && defined(CONFIG_NUMA) diff --git a/include/linux/fs.h b/include/linux/fs.h index ae681002100a..6cd3810a6a27 100644 --- a/include/linux/fs.h +++ b/include/linux/fs.h @@ -398,6 +398,8 @@ struct address_space_operations { */ int (*migratepage) (struct address_space *, struct page *, struct page *, enum migrate_mode); + bool (*isolate_page)(struct page *, isolate_mode_t); + void (*putback_page)(struct page *); int (*launder_page) (struct page *); int (*is_partially_uptodate) (struct page *, unsigned long, unsigned long); diff --git a/include/linux/migrate.h b/include/linux/migrate.h index cac1c0904d5f..f10fd92860ac 100644 --- a/include/linux/migrate.h +++ b/include/linux/migrate.h @@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ extern int migrate_page(struct address_space *, struct page *, struct page *, enum migrate_mode); extern int migrate_pages(struct list_head *l, new_page_t new, free_page_t free, unsigned long private, enum migrate_mode mode, int reason); +extern bool isolate_movable_page(struct page *page, isolate_mode_t mode); +extern void putback_movable_page(struct page *page);

extern int migrate_prep(void); extern int migrate_prep_local(void); diff --git a/include/linux/page-flags.h b/include/linux/page-flags.h index 19724e6ebd26..cdf07c3f3a6f 100644 --- a/include/linux/page-flags.h +++ b/include/linux/page-flags.h @@ -129,6 +129,10 @@ enum pageflags {

/* Compound pages. Stored in first tail page's flags */ PG_double_map = PG_private_2, + + /* non-lru movable pages */ + PG_movable = PG_reclaim, + PG_isolated = PG_owner_priv_1, };

#ifndef __GENERATING_BOUNDS_H @@ -612,6 +616,31 @@ static inline void __ClearPageBalloon(struct page *page) atomic_set(&page->_mapcount, -1); }

+#define PAGE_MOVABLE_MAPCOUNT_VALUE (-255) + +static inline int PageMovable(struct page *page) +{ + return ((test_bit(PG_movable, &(page)->flags) && + atomic_read(&page->_mapcount) == PAGE_MOVABLE_MAPCOUNT_VALUE) + || PageBalloon(page)); +} + +static inline void __SetPageMovable(struct page *page) +{ + WARN_ON(!page->mapping); + + __set_bit(PG_movable, &page->flags); + atomic_set(&page->_mapcount, PAGE_MOVABLE_MAPCOUNT_VALUE); +} + +static inline void __ClearPageMovable(struct page *page) +{ + atomic_set(&page->_mapcount, -1); + __clear_bit(PG_movable, &(page)->flags); +} + +PAGEFLAG(Isolated, isolated, PF_ANY); + /* * If network-based swap is enabled, sl*b must keep track of whether pages * were allocated from pfmemalloc reserves. diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/kernel-page-flags.h b/include/uapi/linux/kernel-page-flags.h index 5da5f8751ce7..a184fd2434fa 100644 --- a/include/uapi/linux/kernel-page-flags.h +++ b/include/uapi/linux/kernel-page-flags.h @@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ #define KPF_BALLOON 23 #define KPF_ZERO_PAGE 24 #define KPF_IDLE 25 +#define KPF_MOVABLE 26

#endif /* _UAPILINUX_KERNEL_PAGE_FLAGS_H */ diff --git a/mm/compaction.c b/mm/compaction.c index 585de54dbe8c..99f791bf2ba6 100644 --- a/mm/compaction.c +++ b/mm/compaction.c @@ -736,7 +736,7 @@ isolate_migratepages_block(struct compact_control *cc, unsigned long low_pfn,

/* * Check may be lockless but that's ok as we recheck later. - * It's possible to migrate LRU pages and balloon pages + * It's possible to migrate LRU and movable kernel pages. * Skip any other type of page */ is_lru = PageLRU(page); @@ -747,6 +747,18 @@ isolate_migratepages_block(struct compact_control *cc, unsigned long low_pfn, goto isolate_success; } } + + if (unlikely(PageMovable(page)) && + !PageIsolated(page)) { + if (locked) { + spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, + flags); + locked = false; + } + + if (isolate_movable_page(page, isolate_mode)) + goto isolate_success; + } }

/* diff --git a/mm/migrate.c b/mm/migrate.c index bf31ea9ffaf8..b7b2a60f57c4 100644 --- a/mm/migrate.c +++ b/mm/migrate.c @@ -72,6 +72,75 @@ int migrate_prep_local(void) return 0; }

+bool isolate_movable_page(struct page *page, isolate_mode_t mode) +{ + bool ret = false; + + /* + * Avoid burning cycles with pages that are yet under __free_pages(), + * or just got freed under us. + * + * In case we 'win' a race for a movable page being freed under us and + * raise its refcount preventing __free_pages() from doing its job + * the put_page() at the end of this block will take care of + * release this page, thus avoiding a nasty leakage. + */ + if (unlikely(!get_page_unless_zero(page))) + goto out; + + /* + * As movable pages are not isolated from LRU lists, concurrent + * compaction threads can race against page migration functions + * as well as race against the releasing a page. + * + * In order to avoid having an already isolated movable page + * being (wrongly) re-isolated while it is under migration, + * or to avoid attempting to isolate pages being released, + * lets be sure we have the page lock + * before proceeding with the movable page isolation steps. + */ + if (unlikely(!trylock_page(page))) + goto out_putpage; + + if (!PageMovable(page) || PageIsolated(page)) + goto out_no_isolated; + + ret = page->mapping->a_ops->isolate_page(page, mode); + if (!ret) + goto out_no_isolated; + + WARN_ON_ONCE(!PageIsolated(page)); + unlock_page(page); + return ret; + +out_no_isolated: + unlock_page(page); +out_putpage: + put_page(page); +out: + return ret; +} + +void putback_movable_page(struct page *page) +{ + struct address_space *mapping; + + /* + * 'lock_page()' stabilizes the page and prevents races against + * concurrent isolation threads attempting to re-isolate it. + */ + lock_page(page); + mapping = page_mapping(page); + if (mapping) { + mapping->a_ops->putback_page(page); + WARN_ON_ONCE(PageIsolated(page)); + } + unlock_page(page); + /* drop the extra ref count taken for movable page isolation */ + put_page(page); +} + + /* * Put previously isolated pages back onto the appropriate lists * from where they were once taken off for compaction/migration. @@ -95,6 +164,8 @@ void putback_movable_pages(struct list_head *l) page_is_file_cache(page)); if (unlikely(isolated_balloon_page(page))) balloon_page_putback(page); + else if (unlikely(PageIsolated(page))) + putback_movable_page(page); else putback_lru_page(page); } @@ -585,7 +656,7 @@ void migrate_page_copy(struct page *newpage, struct page *page) ***********************************************************/

/* - * Common logic to directly migrate a single page suitable for + * Common logic to directly migrate a single LRU page suitable for * pages that do not use PagePrivate/PagePrivate2. * * Pages are locked upon entry and exit. @@ -748,24 +819,53 @@ static int move_to_new_page(struct page *newpage, struct page *page, enum migrate_mode mode) { struct address_space *mapping; - int rc; + int rc = -EAGAIN; + bool isolated_lru_page;

VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page); VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(newpage), newpage);

mapping = page_mapping(page); - if (!mapping) - rc = migrate_page(mapping, newpage, page, mode); - else if (mapping->a_ops->migratepage) + /* + * In case of non-lru page, it could be released after + * isolation step. In that case, we shouldn't try + * fallback migration which was designed for LRU pages. + * + * To identify such pages, we cannot use PageMovable + * because owner of the page can reset it. So intead, + * use PG_isolated bit. + */ + isolated_lru_page = !PageIsolated(page); + + if (likely(isolated_lru_page)) { + if (!mapping) + rc = migrate_page(mapping, newpage, page, mode); + else if (mapping->a_ops->migratepage) + /* + * Most pages have a mapping and most filesystems + * provide a migratepage callback. Anonymous pages + * are part of swap space which also has its own + * migratepage callback. This is the most common path + * for page migration. + */ + rc = mapping->a_ops->migratepage(mapping, newpage, + page, mode); + else + rc = fallback_migrate_page(mapping, newpage, + page, mode); + } else { /* - * Most pages have a mapping and most filesystems provide a - * migratepage callback. Anonymous pages are part of swap - * space which also has its own migratepage callback. This - * is the most common path for page migration. + * If mapping is NULL, it returns -EAGAIN so retrial + * of migration will see refcount as 1 and free it, + * finally. */ - rc = mapping->a_ops->migratepage(mapping, newpage, page, mode); - else - rc = fallback_migrate_page(mapping, newpage, page, mode); + if (mapping) { + rc = mapping->a_ops->migratepage(mapping, newpage, + page, mode); + WARN_ON_ONCE(rc == MIGRATEPAGE_SUCCESS && + PageIsolated(page)); + } + }

/* * When successful, old pagecache page->mapping must be cleared before @@ -991,8 +1091,12 @@ static ICE_noinline int unmap_and_move(new_page_t get_new_page, num_poisoned_pages_inc(); } } else { - if (rc != -EAGAIN) - putback_lru_page(page); + if (rc != -EAGAIN) { + if (likely(!PageIsolated(page))) + putback_lru_page(page); + else + putback_movable_page(page); + } if (put_new_page) put_new_page(newpage, private); else